Umfragen » up and you have ch

The International Organization Standardization developed the OSI model back in the model features seven layers which enable network communication.


Data from source devices are required to go through these 7 layers to communicate to its destination through a network. The seven layers are:


? Application layer – GUI for viewing and transferring files a well as for other tasks related to network communications.


? Presentation layer – for converting data coming from the application layer to standard format in order to ensure data interpretation. Examples are JPEG and AVI.


? Session layer – for creating or establishing conversations between the destination and the source of the application. It keeps communications active. It also ends and restarts sessions that have been idle for a set period of time.


? Transport layer – for converting data into segments and for managing data flow control through acknowledgements Hunter Renfrow Black Jersey , error checking, windowing and even error recovery.


? Network layer -for converting segments to packets. It is also used for end-to-end delivery packets through the use of logical addressing methods over a network.


? Data link layer – for directly communicating to physical media by framing the packet from the Network layer.


? Physical layer – for converting or encoding the frame from the Data Link layer towards binary signals representing bits which can be transmitted into a physical media.


Use of OSI or Operating System Interconnection


The OSI model is very important in the Networking world. It is from this model that came about “protocol stacking”. It is used for taking data and conveying them from one machine to another through a physical or ethereal medium then from one machine from various makers to another.


With the development of the first operational packet switching network of the world, the ARPANET or Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, proprietary communications protocols started to end. It then brought about the global Internet.


ARPANET is used for connecting geographically disparate systems across continents for sending as well as for receiving data. To do this Foster Moreau Black Jersey , it is important that the same language is used in order to operate on a similar communications protocol stack.


The first one to surface was NCP or Network Control Protocol. It provided network layer functions that run on an ARPANET computer. After 1983, it was changed to the protocol we are all familiar with – TCPIP.


When it comes to its relation to the OSI model, this model was created and sponsored by the government as well as the industry in order to create a common set of standards, particularly in providing interoperability between system vendors.


These days Isaiah Johnson Black Jersey , the OSI model serves as a teaching tool, particularly in explaining processes that occur when data flows from the wire all the way to the user.


To learn more about the <"”>OSI model and its other functions, go to .


Using a Roll Laminating Machine Business Articles | March 18, 2010
Roll laminators are extremely useful machines that are commonly seen in schools or in business settings where posters Maxx Crosby Black Jersey , signs, and other larger items need to be laminated on a regular basis. Here is a short primer on how to use the typical roll laminating machine.


Roll laminators are extremely useful machines that are commonly seen in schools or in business settings where posters, signs, and other larger items need to be laminated on a regular basis. Here is a short primer on how to use the typical roll-laminating machine.

Warm-up Time


The first thing you will want to do is Trayvon Mullen Black Jersey , of course, plug the machine in and turn it on. Laminators usually require a little bit of time to warm up, with that majority needing around tem minutes until they are ready to use. Most of the better laminators have lighting systems that indicate when the machine is warming up and when it is ready to use. For instance, there may be a light that flashes during the warm-up period then stops flashing when the machine is ready.


Speed Selection


Again Johnathan Abram Black Jersey , depending on the make and model of your laminator, you will have a variety of laminating speeds to choose from. The speed you choose should correspond to the thickness of the material you are laminating. Thicker items such as cardboard and poster board should be laminated at slower speeds, while thinner objects such as regular paper can be laminated using the fastest speed available on your particular machine.


Laminating


Now that your machine is warmed up and you have chosen the appropriate speed, you are ready to begin laminating. First Josh Jacobs Black Jersey , take the item or items that you intend to laminate and place them on the machine while making sure of a few things: the item should just barely come into contact with the edge of the plastic laminating film or pouch; you will also need to make sure that the items you are laminating are not too big for your mac